Summary
- The Consumer Rights Act 2015 applies to sales between businesses and consumers, covering goods, services and digital content.
- The Sale of Goods Act 1979 mainly applies to business-to-business (B2B) transactions and only covers goods.
- The Consumer Rights Act largely replaced the earlier Act for consumer transactions but not for B2B dealings.
- This guide explains the difference between these laws for business owners in the UK, prepared by LegalVision, a commercial law firm that specialises in advising clients on commercial contracts and eCommerce compliance.
- It provides a practical explanation of when each law applies and how your legal obligations differ depending on who you sell to.
Tips for Businesses
Identify whether you are selling to consumers or other businesses, as different laws apply. Ensure goods meet quality standards under both regimes. For consumer sales, comply with broader obligations covering services and digital content. Review contracts carefully to align with the correct legislation and reduce compliance risk.
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 and the Sale of Goods Act 1979 both set legal standards for selling goods in the UK, but they apply to different buyers. The Consumer Rights Act governs business-to-consumer (B2C) sales and covers goods, services and digital content. The Sale of Goods Act governs business-to-business (B2B) sales and covers goods only. The Consumer Rights Act came into force on 1 October 2015 and replaced most consumer provisions of the older Act, but the Sale of Goods Act still applies to B2B contracts. Under both, goods must be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described. For B2B deals, the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 and the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 can also be relevant. This article explains the key differences between the Consumer Rights Act and the Sale of Goods Act and when each applies.
What is the Consumer Rights Act 2015?
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 is a key piece of law which creates obligations on you as an eCommerce store when selling goods and services to consumers. As a trader, if your customer is a consumer, meaning that they do not represent a corporation, this law applies. It, therefore, does not apply to any business to business (B2B) transactions you make.
These obligations in the Act are related to the standards of the products and services you sell. The Act also makes your business, as the eCommerce retailer, responsible for these standards for your goods until they are received by the buyer or someone they have elected to receive them such as their neighbour. This means that the delivery service you may use is not responsible.
Consumer Remedies Under the Consumer Rights Act
The Consumer Rights Act gives consumers a tiered set of remedies when goods are faulty. Knowing these timeframes helps your business respond correctly and avoid disputes.
Within the first 30 days, the consumer has a short-term right to reject faulty goods and claim a full refund. This is one of the clearest differences from B2B sales, where no automatic 30-day right applies.
From 30 days up to six months, the consumer is usually entitled to a repair or replacement first. If that does not fix the problem, they may then claim a refund or a price reduction.
From six months to six years, the consumer can still ask for a repair or replacement, but the burden shifts to them to prove the fault existed at the point of sale.
These remedies apply on top of the quality standards, regardless of any warranty or guarantee you offer. Respond promptly, keep clear records and check the consumer’s rights before refusing a remedy.
Standards When Selling Goods
The standards you must meet when selling your goods must be met regardless of any guarantee or product warranty you may offer. The standards apply to all goods, including digital goods. These standards include that the goods are:
- fit for their purpose;
- are the same as what is described;
- of a satisfactory quality, which includes safety, durability, how they look and to ensure they have no minor defects; and
- installed correctly when you offer installation as part of the sales contract.
Standards When Selling Services
If your eCommerce business sells services, the following obligations under the Act apply:
- to use reasonable skill and care when you perform the service;
- where your customer relies on information you give, such as the time the service will take, this will be legally binding;
- to offer reasonable costs; and
- to perform the service within a reasonable timeframe.
What is the Sales of Goods Act 1979?
Essentially, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 replaced most of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 unless your customers bought their goods from you before 30 September 2015. However, despite this, The Sales of Goods Act 1979, which builds on other legislation, is still current UK legislation and applies to the contracts you use to sell your eCommerce goods (whether they are written or verbal agreements) where they are business to business (B2B) transactions. However, they only apply to goods, so not to your services.
The Act ensures, for example, that the goods you sell are:
- as you describe them;
- fit for their purpose; and
- of a satisfactory quality.
Implied Terms
It is advisable to get legal help to understand the Sales of Goods Act 1979 as it has implied terms which can be confusing. For example, these include:
- your legal right to sell your goods;
- your customers legal right to enjoy quiet possession of them; and
- that the goods you sell must not contain charges or encumbrances which your customer is not aware of, such as a loan agreement.
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What are Key Differences Between the Acts?
Here we outline some of the key differences between the Consumer Rights Act 2015 and the Sales of Goods Act 1979.
| Consumer Rights Act 2015 | Sales of Goods Act 1979 |
| Applies to the goods and services you sell | Applies only to the goods you currently sell |
| Applies to transactions between you as a trader and your customers who are consumers | Applies only to business to business (B2B) transactions except for any business to customer transactions which took place before 30 September 2015 |
| Replaces the Sales of Goods Act 1979 for consumers | Builds on other legislation |
Selling your business involves a number of moving parts. This fact sheet will provide an overview of the sale of business process and
the documents you need to make an effective sale.
Key Takeaways
As an eCommerce business owner, you need to be aware of the Consumers Rights Act 2015 and the Sales of Goods Act 1979. Both may affect your business and they set out standards you must comply with. The Consumers Rights Act 2015 sets out standards for the goods and services you apply to consumers, so those who do not represent a business. For example, you must ensure that your goods are fit for purpose and any services you provide, you do so at a reasonable cost. The Sales of Goods Act 1979 also outlines standards you must meet. However, these are for goods only and only apply business to business. This is because the Consumer Rights Act 2015 replaced the former for goods and services you sell to consumers.
If you need help understanding the Consumer Rights Act 2015 and the Sales of Goods Act 1979, LegalVision provides ongoing legal support for businesses through our fixed-fee legal membership. Our experienced eCommerce lawyers lawyers help businesses manage contracts, employment law, disputes, intellectual property, and more, with unlimited access to specialist lawyers for a fixed monthly fee. To learn more about LegalVision’s legal membership, call 0808 196 8584 or visit our membership page.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the 30-day right to reject?
Under the Consumer Rights Act, a consumer can reject faulty goods and claim a full refund within 30 days of purchase. After 30 days, they are usually entitled to a repair or replacement first. This short-term right to reject does not apply to B2B sales.
Who counts as a consumer under the Consumer Rights Act?
A consumer is someone buying for purposes outside their trade, business or profession. If your customer buys on behalf of a company, they are not a consumer, so the Consumer Rights Act does not apply. That sale falls under the Sale of Goods Act instead.
Does the Sale of Goods Act apply to services?
No. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 covers goods only. For B2B services, the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 sets the relevant standards. This is why clear written contracts matter for services, as they define your obligations where the Sale of Goods Act does not reach.
What happens if I buy faulty products from a supplier?
When your business buys faulty goods from a supplier, the Consumer Rights Act does not apply, as you are not a consumer. The Sale of Goods Act and your contract govern instead. Check the contract first, then raise the issue with the supplier for a refund or replacement.
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