{"id":1986,"date":"2022-01-18T05:51:30","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T05:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uk.legalvision.com.au\/?p=1986"},"modified":"2023-02-28T22:46:36","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T22:46:36","slug":"protected-disclosures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/employment\/protected-disclosures\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are Protected Disclosures in England and Wales?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If wrongdoing occurs in the workplace, including criminal wrongdoing, your employees or workers may become aware of it. Consequently, they may decide to let you or someone else in the workplace know. Therefore, it is crucial that you understand when the law protects any person making protected disclosures. As an employer, you must act carefully when managing this matter. For instance, monitor how you treat the person disclosing this information, and ensure you are acting legally and protecting your employee or worker.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article will explain the criteria for a protected disclosure. It will also explain how the l<\/span>aw protects the <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">person making it and when it may not. Finally, this article also guides you in terms of how you should respond to a protected disclosure.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is a Protected Disclosure?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When an employee or worker is aware of wrongdoing in the workplace, they may disclose this. This is also known as <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/employment\/business-whistleblower-policy\/\">whistleblowing<\/a>. Where this is a qualifying disclosure, it is a protected disclosure. Therefore, the law protects the employee or worker for raising the wrongdoing.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the law does not define the meaning of the term \u2018disclosure\u2019, it generally means it involves actual information rather than it being a concern or allegation. Therefore, it can be:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">made verbally or in writing; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a form of recorded information such as, for example, a video recording.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furthermore, it can concern alerting someone to information they were not aware of or that they already knew about. However, in order for it to be a protected disclosure, there must be:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">information disclosed;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a belief that there is a public interest in the disclosure &#8211; meaning the wrongdoing has an impact on others rather than being a personal grievance;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a belief that disclosure is in the public interest is reasonable;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">an understanding that the type of disclosed information concerns one of the six types of \u2018relevant failures\u2019; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a reasonable belief of the employee or worker that, when revealing the information, it concerned one of the \u2018relevant failures\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If one of the above five criteria is missing, the disclosure does not qualify as a protected disclosure. Furthermore, it is also essential that when a person is making a protected disclosure they can clearly point out information about it, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the date of disclosure;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the time of disclosure;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">what information it was; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">what words were used.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Are the Six Types of \u2018Relevant Failures\u2019?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As part of the five criteria necessary for <\/span>the law to protect a<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> disclosure, the wrongdoing must fall into one of the six types of \u2018relevant failures\u2019. These categories are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">criminal offences;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/options-breach-of-contract\/\">breach of a legal obligation<\/a>;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a miscarriage of justice;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">an individual in danger in terms of their health or their safety;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">environmental damage; or&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">purposely covering up information about any of the above things.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A breach of a legal obligation is defined widely and could include a worker breaching their employment contract.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The above types of \u2018relevant failures\u2019 could have happened in the past, could still be happening, could be suspected of happening in the future, or could be an allegation. They could also have occurred outside of the UK or may be a breach of foreign law.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"not-prose\">0808 196 8584<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    <script>\nvar 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The categories are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the employer of the person making the disclosure;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the person the disclosure concerns;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a legal adviser;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a government minister; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">someone prescribed on an order made by the Secretary of State such as, for example, HM Revenue and Customers and the Health and Safety Executive.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A person not listed above could also have made the disclosure<\/span>. <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, t<\/span>hey must meet <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">particular conditions if this is the case. The person making the qualifying disclosure to one of the categories of persons above must make it with the reasonable belief that it is within their area and that the information is substantially accurate. If both of these do not apply, the qualifying disclosure may not be a protected disclosure.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Are the Rules About the Protection Associated With Protected Disclosures?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When an employee or worker makes a protected disclosure, t<\/span>he law protects them<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As an employer, you should note that the definition of a \u2018worker\u2019 for the purposes of protected disclosures is broader than the usual definition you may be aware of in employment law. This means that it does not only include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>an employee who <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">had a <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/employment\/importance-employment-contracts\/\">contract of employment<\/a>; or <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a person who has any other contract to carry out work for another personally, other than a client, customer, professional or business.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, it also includes:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">homeworkers regardless of whether it is them or another carrying out the work;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">people who are not employed but are working or training as part of a training course, except for where it is for an educational institution;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">those self-employed in the NHS such as dentists, doctors, pharmacists and ophthalmologists;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">police officers;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">agency workers;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">student midwives and nurses; and<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health Education England (HHE) junior doctors.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If an employee or worker makes a protected disclosure that<\/span> results in dismissal, <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the court may see it as unfair dismissal. An employee or worker is also protected from any other unfair treatments due to disclosure.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, there are exceptions when the law may not protect a qualifying disclosure. For instance, where:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the disclosure concerns legally privileged information;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">making the disclosure amounts to a crime; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">where parliamentary staff or those in the armed forces are making the disclosure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where the person making the protected disclosure does something wrong, such as misconduct or gross misconduct, the law does not protect them.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How Should You Deal With a Protected Disclosure?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As an employer, if your worker or employee raises a protected disclosure with you, you will need to decide whether to investigate further and what action to take.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whilst investigating and taking action, you must keep the employee\u2019s or worker\u2019s identity secret if they have asked for confidentiality and ensure you do the same for others as applicable. You must also ensure you abide by data protection law.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A person making a protected disclosure is protected by law against dismissal and detrimental treatment. Therefore, you must treat them fairly after they make their disclosure. Otherwise, they may have a case for an employment tribunal. You could also be found responsible for detrimental treatment or victimisation by others if you cannot demonstrate that you took all reasonable steps to prevent this from occurring.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When your employee or worker discloses wrongdoing in the workplace, if the disclosure qualifies as a protected disclosure, t<\/span>he law<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> <\/span>protects them<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> when doing so. <\/span>Therefore, y<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ou must not treat them detrimentally for having made the disclosure or dismiss them as a result. You are also responsible for taking reasonable steps to ensure others do not treat them detrimentally. You must understand the rules which make a disclosure a protected disclosure. This enables you to act correctly when faced with one to avoid repercussions such as an employment tribunal and the potential of the complaint being taken out of the workplace.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you need help with understanding protected disclosures in England and Wales, our <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/employment-lawyers-lp\/\">experienced employment lawyers<\/a> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents for a low monthly fee. So call us today on <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a> or visit our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">membership page<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1642483135169\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What is a protected disclosure?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A protected disclosure is when an employee or worker makes a disclosure about wrongdoing within the workplace but is protected by law when doing so, when the disclosure meets certain criteria.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1642483150176\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">How is a person protected when making a protected disclosure?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The law protects an employee or worker who makes a protected disclosure from being treated detrimentally as a result, including being dismissed. The law protects them from detrimental treatment both by you as an employer and other colleagues in the workplace.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"9eb4f72322\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1986\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/employment\/protected-disclosures\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"What Are Protected Disclosures in England and Wales?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If wrongdoing occurs in the workplace, including criminal wrongdoing, your employees or workers may become aware of it. Consequently, they may decide to let you or someone else in the workplace know. Therefore, it is crucial that you understand when the law protects any person making protected disclosures. As an employer, you must act carefully<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/employment\/protected-disclosures\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What Are Protected Disclosures in England and Wales?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13326,"featured_media":582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1914,2759,1760,2388,1724,901","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[20,21,219,426],"class_list":["post-1986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-employment","tag-small-business","tag-medium-business","tag-employment-law","tag-protected-disclosures"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Are Protected Disclosures in England and Wales? 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