{"id":182798,"date":"2023-09-05T02:40:47","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T01:40:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?p=182798"},"modified":"2025-07-02T00:37:56","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T23:37:56","slug":"startup-capital-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/startups\/startup-capital-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"What Does My Startup&#8217;s Capital Structure Consist Of?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you own a startup, you may hear talk of capital structures. It is often unclear what this means. In short, your <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/startups\/im-startup-founder-raise-capital-for-business\/\">startup\u2019s capital structure<\/a> refers to how your business has raised financing to fund its long-term operations. This article will give examples of capital structure, their implications, and how you can determine your startup\u2019s capital structure.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a Capital Structure?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When forming a business, it almost always needs upfront cash to fund its operations and grow. Likewise, throughout the life of a business, to continue growing, it may need access to additional sums of money.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--star\">\n    <p>A business capital structure describes the source of a business\u2019s long-term financing. How your startup arranges its capital structure can have important implications for its long-term growth and ability to access additional financing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources of Capital&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two primary ways that businesses raise permanent capital:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>debt; and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>equity.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Most startups are limited in the amount of debt financing they can raise. Usually, this is because startups have limited tangible assets of ample value. Accordingly, banks and other traditional lenders have limited assets to take security over. For these reasons, most startups raise the bulk of their capital through a series of equity financings. This is where the term \u201cSeries Financing\u201d comes from. Provided a startup can demonstrate to investors that it is hitting its growth targets, it can raise a series of equity financing rounds.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"not-prose\">0808 196 8584<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left 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That is a structure with no long-term borrowings. We can distinguish this from short-term borrowings, including purchasing supplies on credit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, the opposite of this would be a business funded entirely by <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/startups\/raise-finance-debt-equity\/\">debt financing<\/a>. Practically, this is very unlikely. However, it is helpful to appreciate how debt affects the capital structure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/09\/06164254\/uk-startup-manual-290x410-1.jpg\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">UK Startup Manual<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>LegalVision&#8217;s Startup Manual is essential reading material for any startup founder looking to launch and grow a successful startup.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/go.legalvision.co.uk\/uk-startup-manual.html\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 max-w-fit bg-orange button__hover transition rounded text-white font-bold text-lg no-underline uppercase leading-tight text-center\" target=\"\" rel=\"\">Download Now<\/a>        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Equity-Only Capital Structure&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The biggest benefit of an equity-heavy capital structure is that the risk of defaulting under the terms of your borrowing is less than that of a debt-heavy capital structure. Where your long-term borrowings are zero, your business has zero credit risk. This is because it does not have any obligations under a loan. For instance, your startup does not have:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>an obligation to make interest payments; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>to abide by the obligations lenders impose under loan agreements to abide by covenants, such as not taking on additional borrowings or keeping sufficient cash on hand.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This is important because defaulting on a loan obligation has serious consequences. In the worst-case scenario, you may lose your business and its assets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>In contrast, you do not have any contractual obligations to lenders by only having equity. Accordingly, this can give you more freedom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Debt-Only Capital Structure&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose you find a lender that will supply your business with 100% of the upfront capital it needs. In exchange, the business would need to make steady interest payments of a pre-agreed amount. However, provided your business generates enough cash to make these interest payments, you (and any other shareholders) are entitled to 100% of the remaining earnings.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under this arrangement, you would have an infinite return on investment because you do not have any of your capital at stake. However, you have a claim on all the business profits above the interest obligations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, this arrangement is improbable. After all, a lender is unlikely to agree to take all the risk by providing all the capital but only receive a fixed return on its investment (the interest payment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, this example illustrates the effect of gearing. Debt can increase the amount <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-agreement\/\">shareholders<\/a> receive on their investments. Put another way, look at the returns on investment of these two different companies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case Study: Gearing&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>ABC Ltd<\/td><td>XYZ Ltd<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>+ Shareholders invest \u00a3100 in company.<br>+ No lenders.<br>+ After a year, ABC generates \u00a3200 in cash.&nbsp;<br>+ There is \u00a3200 available for the shareholders.&nbsp;<\/td><td>+ Shareholders invest \u00a350 in company.<br>+ Lenders loan \u00a350.<br>+ After a year, XYZ generates \u00a3200 in cash.&nbsp;XYZ pays \u00a350 in interest to its lenders.&nbsp;<br>+ There is \u00a3150 available for the shareholders.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>ABC\u2019s shareholders&#8217; return on investment is double. XYZ\u2019s shareholders&#8217; return on investment is triple. In other words, despite less money available to XYZ\u2019s shareholders, they had to invest less to obtain more.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the advantage of gearing. Provided a business can maintain enough cash to service its interest, the lender effectively subsidises the business\u2019s profits. Of course, there is the risk that the business cannot service its debt. In this case, shareholders receive nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Determine Your Capital Structure&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Determining the balance of your startup\u2019s capital structure is simple. Assessing your balance sheet, determine the following:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>how much your long-term borrowings or non-current liabilities are; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>how much the value of its share capital account is.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In the UK, the share capital account equals the ordinary share capital account plus the share premium account.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You also need to look at the retained earnings and other capital reserve accounts on the equity portion of your balance sheet. If there are any losses, you subtract this amount from your share capital account. This is your equity figure. It represents the total value of all the shareholders\u2019 claims over the business\u2019s assets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You will notice this is equal to the net asset value figure. This reflects the fact that shareholders have a claim over all the business\u2019s assets, less all liabilities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Capital structures can become more complex when you use hybrid financing, like convertible debt or preference shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A capital structure refers to how a startup finances its operations. This describes how much debt versus equity your business uses. Debt-heavy capital structures maximise shareholder return but increase credit risk. Equity-heavy capital structures impose no obligations on management to abide by loan agreements. It also minimises credit risk.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you need help with your startup, our experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/startup-lawyers-lp\/\">startup lawyers<\/a> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us today on <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\/\">membership page<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"1924c0ad83\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182798\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/startups\/startup-capital-structure\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"What Does My Startup&#8217;s Capital Structure Consist Of?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you own a startup, you may hear talk of capital structures. It is often unclear what this means. In short, your startup\u2019s capital structure refers to how your business has raised financing to fund its long-term operations. This article will give examples of capital structure, their implications, and how you can determine your startup\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/startups\/startup-capital-structure\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What Does My Startup&#8217;s Capital Structure Consist Of?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13522,"featured_media":3235,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"178539,180757,176070,2819,171833,174080","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[20,21,117,1413],"class_list":["post-182798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-startups","tag-small-business","tag-medium-business","tag-startup","tag-startup-financing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Does My Startup&#039;s Capital Structure Consist Of? 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