{"id":182345,"date":"2023-08-01T05:40:54","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T04:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?p=182345"},"modified":"2025-07-02T00:38:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T23:38:09","slug":"limited-by-guarantee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/limited-by-guarantee\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Company Limited by Guarantee?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Under English company law, there are a few different kinds of companies. By far, the most familiar and popular structure is a <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/limited-liability-company\/\">company limited by shares<\/a>. Another less common company is a company limited by guarantee. In effect, a company limited by guarantee treats the liability of its shareholders differently than a company limited by shares. This article will explain what a company limited by guarantee is and consider whether this company structure is relevant for your business.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Limited Liability&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the principal benefits of trading through a company is that the company usually provides its owners (the shareholders) with limited liability.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Limited liability means that the owners are not fully liable for the company\u2019s debts and obligations if the company cannot meet them. This differs from other business structures, like sole traders and general partnerships, where the owners are personally liable for business debts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>There are some caveats to the principle of limited liability:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>certain companies \u2013 called companies with unlimited liability \u2013 that do not provide the shareholders with limited liability; and<\/li>\n<li>it does not typically apply where the shareholders use the company to avoid their own personal liabilities, such as through fraudulent conduct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extent of Limited Liability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand how companies limited by guarantee limit their shareholders\u2019 liability, it is first helpful to look at how companies limited by shares operate.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Companies Limited by Shares&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The law says that shareholders\u2019 liabilities for the company\u2019s debts are limited to the value of the number of shares they hold. This is calculated by reference to the full share price the company allots the shares for. Consider some examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>123 Ltd issues four shareholders 10,000 shares each at a nominal value of \u00a31 per share.&nbsp;<\/td><td>The full share price here is \u00a31 per share. Therefore, each shareholder is liable for the company\u2019s debts up to \u00a310,000.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>123 Ltd later issues one shareholder 10,000 shares, but this time at \u00a32 per share.<\/td><td>A company may issue shares at a premium price relative to its nominal value. This happens when a company is more valuable than reflected in the nominal share price.&nbsp;<br>In this case, the new shareholder\u2019s liability is \u00a320,000.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Importantly, the extent of your liability as a shareholder in a company limited by shares depends on the full value of the shares. This is relevant because sometimes, a company may issue shares before receiving payment. Alternatively, the company may issue shares at a discount. In a subsequent event where the company cannot pay its debts, the law can compel the shareholder to pay upon demand the full value of the shares.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Companies Limited by Guarantee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When a company limited by guarantee comes into existence, its founders (i.e. the \u201cshareholders\u201d) contribute a minimal sum to the company\u2019s liabilities in the event the company later cannot pay its debts. The company\u2019s incorporation documents would typically note this contribution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Importantly, companies limited by guarantee have no share capital. That is why you may hear others refer to the company\u2019s owners as members rather than shareholders. Instead, any creditor to the company can inspect the company\u2019s \u201cstatement of guarantee\u201d on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/companies-house\">Companies House<\/a>. This will confirm the amount up to which the members guarantee the company\u2019s debts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, suppose the statement of guarantee states that the sum of each member\u2019s liability shall not exceed \u00a310 per member. If there are 50 shareholders, the maximum liability of all the shareholders together is \u00a3500.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"not-prose\">0808 196 8584<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    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This is because the company does not have any <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/doctrine-maintenance-share-capital\/\">share capital<\/a> it can use to fund its working capital requirements. Accordingly, creditors are far less likely to transact with a for-profit company because there may not be sufficient assets to meet the creditors\u2019 liabilities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead, companies limited by guarantee are suitable for non-profit organisations, such as certain trusts, clubs, and benefits. For similar reasons, many public entities and trade and research associations operate as companies limited by guarantee.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, residential property management companies commonly use companies limited by guarantee to get around certain logistical problems that arise when one person sells their interest in the freehold to another and the legal owner is the company.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>Therefore, unless your needs are not strictly commercial, a company limited by guarantee is unlikely to be relevant for you.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legal Considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Certain restrictions apply to some companies limited by guarantee, which do not apply to companies limited by shares. These are often technical points of law. For example, if the company operates as a charity, you must not state any non-charitable purpose in your company\u2019s objects (if you intend to restrict your company\u2019s objects).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/05\/19033600\/Screen-Shot-2023-05-19-at-12.35.51-pm.png\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">Board Minutes - First Meeting of Directors<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>This template refers to the minutes of the first meeting of the directors of a Company.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/documents\/board-minutes-first-meeting-directors\/\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 max-w-fit bg-orange button__hover transition rounded text-white font-bold text-lg no-underline uppercase leading-tight text-center\" target=\"\" rel=\"\">Download Now<\/a>        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A company limited by guarantee is an alternative form of a company. It stands in contrast to the far more common company limited by shares. The distinction relates to how the law treats the company\u2019s owners when it comes to the company\u2019s liabilities, including financial debts. Companies limited by guarantee do not have shares, which is how liability is limited for companies limited by shares. Instead, the liability is limited by the amount stated in the statement of guarantee. For various reasons, companies limited by guarantee are not suitable for businesses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you need help understanding the best way to structure and set up your company, our experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporate-lawyers-lp\/\">corporate lawyers<\/a> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us at <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\">membership page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1690864299192\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What are the owners of a company limited by guarantee called?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Since a company limited by guarantee does not have any share capital, it has no shares. Therefore, its owners are not called shareholders. Instead, the law refers to them as members.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1690864316869\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What is the doctrine of maintenance of share capital?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The doctrine of maintenance of share capital restricts the ability of a shareholder to demand a return on the value of the money they transferred to your company in exchange for shares.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Under English company law, there are a few different kinds of companies. By far, the most familiar and popular structure is a company limited by shares. Another less common company is a company limited by guarantee. In effect, a company limited by guarantee treats the liability of its shareholders differently than a company limited by<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/limited-by-guarantee\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What is a Company Limited by Guarantee?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13522,"featured_media":3199,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"177803,177254,174369,173413,179173,176495","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[21,153,342,386,387],"class_list":["post-182345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporations","tag-medium-business","tag-limited-company","tag-limited-liability","tag-limited-by-shares","tag-limited-by-guarantee"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a Company Limited by Guarantee? | LegalVision UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A company limited by guarantee is an alternative form of a company. We consider whether this company structure is relevant for your business.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/limited-by-guarantee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is a Company Limited by Guarantee? | LegalVision UK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A company limited by guarantee is an alternative form of a company. We consider whether this company structure is relevant for your business.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/limited-by-guarantee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LegalVision UK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalVision\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-01T04:40:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-01T23:38:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/24122011\/business-image-0522140.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1256\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"838\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tom Khalid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@LegalVision_law\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@LegalVision_law\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tom Khalid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tom Khalid\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/332997a5c4d417d6c77f819e0d496113\"},\"headline\":\"What is a Company Limited by Guarantee?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-01T04:40:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-01T23:38:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":978,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/img.legalvision.com.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/24122011\\\/business-image-0522140.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"medium business\",\"limited company\",\"limited liability\",\"limited by shares\",\"limited by guarantee\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Corporate Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/\",\"name\":\"What is a Company Limited by Guarantee? | LegalVision UK\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/corporations\\\/limited-by-guarantee\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/img.legalvision.com.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2022\\\/05\\\/24122011\\\/business-image-0522140.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-01T04:40:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-01T23:38:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/legalvision.co.uk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/332997a5c4d417d6c77f819e0d496113\"},\"description\":\"A company limited by guarantee is an alternative form of a company. 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