{"id":182163,"date":"2023-07-19T05:28:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T04:28:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?p=182163"},"modified":"2025-07-02T00:38:14","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T23:38:14","slug":"relevant-documents-for-disclosure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/relevant-documents-for-disclosure\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are Relevant Documents for Disclosure?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If your business is involved in <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/litigation-funder\/\">litigation<\/a>, you may have to disclose certain information to the other party in the dispute. The obligation to disclose all relevant documents to the dispute is at the heart of most litigation. The court adopts a broad definition of what is a \u2018relevant document\u2019 to include any document that is helpful to the other side or adverse to the party making the disclosure. This article will explain what a relevant document is so that you can understand what your obligations might be under a disclosure order.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Disclosure?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Disclosure is the stage of litigation where one party (usually the defendant) provides the other party (usually the claimant) with all documents relevant to the dispute. This is a vital stage of the process because this is often the point where the claimant can review what evidence the defendant has. In some cases, this may assist their claim. In other cases, the claimant may withdraw the case once it reviews evidence that weakens its position.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>The law imposes wide-reaching obligations on parties to make adequate disclosures. If they do not, the court can compel disclosure and order costs for non-compliance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The disclosure can be a lengthy process, especially in complex cases. Often, your lawyer can give you a good idea about the prospects of your claim <em>after <\/em>the disclosure process ends. Therefore, a party might come to an early settlement with the opposition following an inspection during disclosure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Documents Do I Need to Disclose?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/disclosure-rules-obligations-uk\/\">standard disclosure rules<\/a>, the party subject to the disclosure order must disclose all documents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>it intends to rely upon;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>that either adversely affect its position, adversely affect another party\u2019s position, or support another party\u2019s case; and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the court otherwise requires.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>A document is anything in which information of any sort is recorded. This is an incredibly wide-reaching definition. Therefore it includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>emails;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hard and soft copies of reports and memos;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>audio and video recordings;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>handwritten and typed notes; and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>texts and other instant messages.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>Documents can include copies of another document if the copy differs substantially from the original. For example, a copy of a report with handwritten notes on the margins is a document. Accordingly, if the copy is relevant, you must disclose it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"not-prose\">0808 196 8584<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    <script>\nvar 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We will consider some examples of each:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Category<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Documents you intend to rely upon.<\/td><td>Suppose you are defending a claim for non-payment of goods. However, you withheld payment because your goods were delivered in an unusable state. You have pictures and emails proving this, which you intend to raise at trial. You must disclose these documents.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Documents that adversely affect your position, the position of another, or support another party\u2019s case.<\/td><td>This is widely defined to ensure that you disclose any documents that might affect the strength of any party\u2019s claim.&nbsp;<br>As in the above example, if you have documents showing that the goods were damaged by the carrier and not the seller, such documents might adversely affect the claimant\u2019s position. Alternatively, it might shift the payment burden onto you, which may mean you are liable for non-payment.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>All other documents, as the court directs.&nbsp;<\/td><td>The court has wide-ranging powers to compel disclosure and inspect any documents it sees fit. Sometimes, such documents may not fall into the above two categories.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the Difference Between Disclosure and Inspection?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is worth pointing out that the law distinguishes between disclosure and inspection. Disclosure is where one party searches for all relevant documents and then lists these in a document (<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/form-n265\/\">Form N265<\/a>), which serves the other side. On the other hand, inspection is where the other party reviews the documents disclosed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>Not all disclosed documents are necessarily inspectable. For instance, you may have found several relevant documents protected by one of the various forms of privilege. As a result, disclosure rules require you to list such documents but may entitle you to withhold them so that the other party cannot inspect them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A typical example of this is any document protected by legal advice privilege. For instance, suppose you obtained legal advice regarding your potential liability under a contract to purchase goods. At the meeting, you took notes. Because these notes relate to advice you received from your legal advisers, you may be able to assert privilege over the documents. While you still have to disclose it by listing the document\u2019s existence in Form N265, the other side may not get to look at its contents.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Disclosure in litigation refers to the process where the defendant (typically) provides a list of all relevant documents to the claimant. Of these documents listed, the defendant specifies which documents it will permit the claimant to inspect. It may withhold certain documents from inspection, such as where they are protected by privilege. However, the question of privilege does not change the fact that the court requires a defendant to disclose all relevant documents. This describes all documents that the defendant intends to rely upon which adversely affect the claimant\u2019s case. It also describes documents that the defendant is in control of, which adversely affects its case.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have any questions about disclosable documents, LegalVision\u2019s experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-lawyers-lp\/\">dispute lawyers<\/a> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us today on <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\/\">membership page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1689740533234\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What is a disclosure obligation?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">If you are subject to a disclosure order during litigation, you have some disclosure obligations. Under standard disclosure rules, these generally include disclosing all documents you intend to rely on, notwithstanding whether they adversely affect you or another party&#8217;s position.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1689740545860\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What is specific disclosure?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Specific disclosure is a kind of disclosure order a court can make. A specific disclosure requires one party to search for and disclose specific documents.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"9eb4f72322\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182163\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/relevant-documents-for-disclosure\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"What Are Relevant Documents for Disclosure?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If your business is involved in litigation, you may have to disclose certain information to the other party in the dispute. The obligation to disclose all relevant documents to the dispute is at the heart of most litigation. The court adopts a broad definition of what is a \u2018relevant document\u2019 to include any document that<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/relevant-documents-for-disclosure\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What Are Relevant Documents for Disclosure?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13522,"featured_media":659,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"175500,174837,2823,179776,180550,172615","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[39,726,727,933],"class_list":["post-182163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-disputes-litigation","tag-business-dispute","tag-disclosure","tag-disclosure-rules","tag-disclosure-obligations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Are Relevant Documents for Disclosure? 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