{"id":182096,"date":"2023-07-12T06:45:14","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T05:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?p=182096"},"modified":"2025-08-19T05:37:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T04:37:44","slug":"specific-disclosure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/specific-disclosure\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Specific Disclosure?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you are involved in litigation, you may have come across the idea of specific disclosure. Specific disclosure generally refers to the obligation of one party in a dispute to search for documents relevant to the dispute. In many cases, the other side will get to inspect the documents you disclose. Nevertheless, specific disclosure is an order the court makes when it wishes to compel a party to search for and disclose particular documents. This article will consider the specific disclosure so you can better understand the litigation process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the Difference Between Standard and Specific Disclosure?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Litigation in the UK requires both parties to cooperate throughout the process. A critical element of litigation is <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/disclosure-rules-obligations-uk\/\">disclosure and inspection<\/a>, which refers to the portion of litigation where one side searches for certain documents so that the other party may inspect them.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/litigation-funder\/\">litigation cases<\/a> require the defendant to undertake standard disclosure. This refers to the court making a general order for the defendant to disclose all documents in the defendant\u2019s control relevant to the dispute. The courts cast a wide net when determining if a document is relevant. A party that does not comply with a standard disclosure order can face cost consequences and contempt of court.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, specific disclosure requires an applicant (usually the claimant) to apply to the court seeking an order compelling the counterparty (usually the defendant) to disclose specific documents. In practice, specific disclosure is either used to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>obtain an order before standard disclosure would otherwise arise in the proceedings;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>compel the disclosure of documents that ought to have been disclosed as part of standard procedures but were not; or&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>where a standard disclosure order is unlikely to be effective in particular circumstances.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Suppose you are the claimant in a dispute with your accountant. You believe your accountant negligently advised you to invest in another business. After instructing solicitors, the matter proceeds to litigation. The court orders standard disclosure.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The accountant subsequently provides a list of disclosed documents, which does not include a series of valuations the accountant mentioned when advising your business but which you did not see. You believe that the accountant should have disclosed these documents. Accordingly, your solicitor applies for specific disclosure to compel the accountant to disclose these valuations.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When Will the Court Order Specific Disclosure?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The court may order specific disclosure in various circumstances, though the Civil Procedure Rules do not set out specific criteria. Practice Directions provide helpful guidance, and it is crucial to understand that the court will consider all relevant circumstances, particularly the overriding objective of dealing with cases justly and at proportionate cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the circumstances when specific disclosure may be ordered include if:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>standard disclosure was inadequate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a party failed to comply with a previous disclosure order; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>additional documents are required to establish facts of the case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You should be aware that information asymmetry between parties may be considered, but it is not sufficient on its own to justify disclosure. For confidential documents, the court will balance their relevance to the proceedings against the confidentiality of those documents.<\/p>\n\n\n    <div class=\"my-7 lg:my-10 border-y-2 border-gray-100 py-7 lg:py-10 flex flex-col sm:flex-row items-start gap-10\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-52 mx-auto my-0! rounded\" src=\"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/14011310\/LegalVision-UK-Guide-to-UK-Employment-Disputes.jpg\" alt=\"Front page of publication\"\n                 loading=\"lazy\" width=\"208\" height=\"298\">\n                <section>\n            <div class=\"text-2xl font-bold\">Guide to UK Employment Disputes<\/div>\n            <div class=\"body-text\">\n                <p>Learn how to manage employment disputes and protect your business from legal action. <\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/go.legalvision.co.uk\/guide-to-uk-employment-disputes.html\" class=\" block px-5 py-3.5 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Accordingly, the application must contain adequate grounds to convince a judge to grant your request.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, the application should contain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a draft of the order which, if the application is successful, you will serve on the other side;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the grounds on which the application is based; and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>evidence supporting the application&#8217;s grounds is usually contained in a witness statement.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Witness Statement&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally, a witness statement is a statement of factual evidence one party introduces to the proceedings to support their case. The court considers this evidence when making a decision.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>While witness statements often accompany the main statements of the case, they are also used for interim applications. This includes interim applications for specific disclosure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are the party seeking specific disclosure, your solicitor will typically draft the witness statement. This statement typically states:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the nature of the claim;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>which stage of the proceedings the claim is at;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and the facts that support the applicant\u2019s application.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, the facts must convince the court that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the documents in question exist;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the other side has the documents; and&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>they are relevant to the proceedings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>Therefore, the court is unlikely to grant the order if the application fails to satisfy the above three requirements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, the court will also consider the proportionality of any application for specific disclosure. Say your application meets the three requirements mentioned above. However, the consequence is that the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>defendant incurs a disproportionate cost; or&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>order will not substantially alter the course of proceedings.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this instance, the court may refuse the application.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practical Considerations When Applying for Specific Disclosure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As with all interim applications, you may be liable for costs if you apply for specific disclosure and the court rejects the application. This is even if you win the actual claim. This is called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/costs-orders-uk\/\">costs in the event<\/a>\u201d. This often happens when one party advances an unreasonable or undefendable application.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, orders for specific disclosure can alert your counterparty to deficiencies in their case. For instance, an application may reveal to the counterparty that their defence lacks evidence. By producing the documents you request, but which might not otherwise be part of standard disclosure, you may inadvertently allow them to refine their case.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For these reasons, it is almost always advisable to instruct a solicitor to assist when applying for specific disclosure during litigation proceedings.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Specific disclosure is an order the court can make that requires one party to search for and disclose specific documents rather than all the documents that fall within the scope of standard disclosure. If the application is successful, the respondent (usually the defendant must comply with the order or risk costs, penalties and contempt of court.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have any questions about the litigation process, LegalVision\u2019s experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-lawyers-lp\/\">dispute lawyers<\/a> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us today on <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a> or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\/\">membership page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1689140402794\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What is a<\/strong> witness statement<strong>?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A witness statement is a statement of factual evidence one party introduces to the proceedings to support their case.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1689140416692\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What are Civil Procedure Rules?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Civil Procedure Rules are a code of procedural rules that govern how court procedure works in England and Wales.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1755578171403\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What are the grounds for specific disclosure?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The grounds for specific disclosure include inadequate standard disclosure, failure to comply with a previous disclosure order, or the need for additional documents to establish key facts. However, there are a number of other circumstances where specific disclosure can be ordered.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1755578185350\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Can I request specific disclosure for all correspondence between two or more parties over a certain period of time?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Requesting such a broad range of documents is generally not advisable for Specific Disclosure. Instead, try to focus on specific emails or documents that are directly relevant to the issues in your case, and be prepared to explain why these particular items are necessary for a just resolution.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"9eb4f72322\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182096\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/specific-disclosure\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"What is Specific Disclosure?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you are involved in litigation, you may have come across the idea of specific disclosure. Specific disclosure generally refers to the obligation of one party in a dispute to search for documents relevant to the dispute. In many cases, the other side will get to inspect the documents you disclose. Nevertheless, specific disclosure is<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/disputes-litigation\/specific-disclosure\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What is Specific Disclosure?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13541,"featured_media":3233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"176814,175145,179427,2770,179313,174670","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[40,727,728,933],"class_list":["post-182096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-disputes-litigation","tag-dispute-resolution","tag-disclosure-rules","tag-litigation-proceedings","tag-disclosure-obligations"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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