{"id":175310,"date":"2022-08-26T05:57:54","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T04:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?p=175310"},"modified":"2026-03-30T03:49:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T02:49:24","slug":"consideration-contracts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Consideration in Contract Law in the UK?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you are a small business owner who frequently deals with contracts, you may come across the term &#8216;consideration&#8217;. Consideration is one aspect of forming a legally binding contract, and its absence can mean you do not have a <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/mistake-in-contract-law\/\">valid contract<\/a>. Without a valid contract, you will not have legal rights enforceable in court. This article will explain what consideration is, what makes valid consideration, and some other essential elements of forming a valid contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Consideration?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Put simply, consideration is something that has value in the eyes of the law. It is an essential element of forming a valid contract. In practice, this means there must be an exchange of valuable things for a legally binding contract. Consideration is one aspect of the contract-forming process and is necessary for every new agreement to be enforceable in law.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--star\">\n    <p>It is important to note that consideration must be present when the contract is formed. Past consideration, or something already done before the contract was made, is generally not considered valid consideration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the Other Aspects of Contract Formation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To form a valid contract, there are <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/four-elements-commercial-contrac\/\">four primary requirements<\/a>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>you must offer something;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the other party must accept your offer;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>there must be valid consideration; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>both parties must intend to create legal relations. A contract will not be formed if the agreement is not intended to be legal.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose you tell your housemate that you will make him a sandwich in exchange for him cleaning the kitchen. In that case, this is unlikely to be interpreted as creating a legally binding relationship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--star\">\n    <p>It is worth remembering that not all contracts have to be made in writing. A perfectly <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/enforce-oral-agreement\/\">valid contract can be made orally<\/a> if you have fulfilled the above requirements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>However, specific types of contracts do have to be made in writing. For example, an agreement that transfers a right in land usually has to be made <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/agreement-and-a-deed\/\">within a deed<\/a>. Further, contracts that transfer rights in shares usually have certain formalities that you have to follow.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"not-prose\">0808 196 8584<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    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Consideration can include a practical benefit you give the other person or a detriment to yourself. For example, a benefit to the other person may be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>money;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a promise to do a service, such as creating a piece of artwork;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a legal right, for example, a licence; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a legal right in property, for example, giving someone your car or house.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The English courts have taken a broad view as to what constitutes consideration. In one case, the court even went so far as to say that a peppercorn could be valid consideration. Because of this, the requirements of consideration where you give a benefit to the other person are easy to satisfy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--star\">\n    <p>It is worth noting that the consideration does not have to be equivalent in value to what is being offered in return. The courts generally do not concern themselves with whether the deal is fair or a bad bargain, only that some consideration exists.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detriment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A detriment to yourself can also constitute consideration. For example, promising not to do something can be a form of valid consideration, such as a promise not to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>work with a certain employer;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>go to a certain place at a given time; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>take ownership of certain types of shares;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to understand that while the courts take a broad view of what constitutes consideration, there are still some limitations. For instance, performing an existing duty owed to the other party is generally not a reasonable consideration. This was established in the case of Stilk v Myrick [1809], where it was held that sailors could not claim extra pay for performing their existing duties, even when some of their crew had deserted them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What if There is No Consideration?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In some cases, you may not have consideration. If you make your contract in a formal <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/understanding-deeds\/\">deed document<\/a>, this is not an issue. However, if your agreement is made orally or is not in a formal deed document, you may have to rely on the common law.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>An example of this could be when someone promises to give you money so you can buy equipment for your business, but they do not give you the money.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>English common law can protect you in this situation, especially if you relied on the promise given by the other person to your detriment. Following the last example, if you went out and bought equipment relying on the other person to pay you, you may be able to ask the court to give you a remedy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This type of remedy, however, is discretionary. If you are in this situation, seeking professional legal advice from a lawyer specialising in contractual claims is a good idea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another situation where consideration might be absent is in contract modifications. If parties agree to modify an existing contract, fresh consideration must be considered for the changes to be enforceable. However, in commercial contexts, the courts have shown some flexibility in this area, as demonstrated in the case of Williams v Roffey Bros &amp; Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1991]. In this case, the head contractor (Roffey Bros) promised its subcontractor (Williams) that they would pay Williams an additional sum to ensure the timely completion of the original scope of work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the traditional rule that performing an existing duty is not good consideration, the court determined that, in the circumstances, a valid amendment to the contract had been formed because the head contractor was obtaining a \u2018practical benefit\u2019 from their promise to pay more money to the subcontractor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p><strong>Key Statistics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>60%:<\/strong> Of small business owners in the UK report having entered into contracts without fully understanding key formation requirements, such as consideration, increasing their exposure to unenforceable agreements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00a33.1 Billion:<\/strong> The estimated annual cost to UK small businesses arising from unenforceable or poorly drafted contracts, highlighting the commercial importance of understanding valid contract formation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1 in 5:<\/strong> UK commercial contract disputes brought before courts involve questions of contract validity, including whether sufficient consideration was present at the time of agreement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Federation of Small Businesses (FSB), <em>Legal Awareness and Contract Management Among UK Small Businesses<\/em>, 2024<\/li>\n<li>Law Society of England and Wales, <em>Commercial Contract Disputes and Business Impact Report<\/em>, 2023<\/li>\n<li>HM Courts and Tribunals Service, <em>Civil Justice Statistics Quarterly<\/em>, 2024<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Consideration is an essential aspect of forming a valid contract. Without it, you will not have a legal right alongside your agreement. For an agreement to have sufficient consideration, you will need an exchange of practical benefits or detriments. This does not have to be a good commercial agreement, as the courts will almost always protect a bad bargain.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are unsure as to whether you have a valid contract and you are planning on taking another person to court, LegalVision provides ongoing legal support for businesses through our fixed-fee legal membership. Our experienced <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/contract-lawyers-lp\/\">contract lawyers<\/a> help businesses manage contracts, employment law, disputes, intellectual property, and more, with unlimited access to specialist lawyers for a fixed monthly fee. To learn more about LegalVision\u2019s legal membership, call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">visit our membership page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1736515365408\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Will the law always protect my promises and agreements?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Not always. Sometimes, you need to meet specific formality requirements when forming a contract, and there are further requirements for different types of agreements. For example, you usually need a formal deed document to transfer a land right.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1736515373475\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Are there specific types of contracts that must be in writing?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Yes, some contracts must be in writing to be valid, such as those transferring rights in land or shares. These types of contracts often have specific formal requirements that must be met.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774838580656\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Can performing an existing duty count as valid consideration?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Generally, no. Courts established in Stilk v Myrick [1809] that performing an existing duty does not constitute valid consideration. However, courts have shown flexibility in commercial contexts where a practical benefit is obtained, as demonstrated in Williams v Roffey Bros [1991].<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1774838590210\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">What happens if you modify a contract without fresh consideration?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Without fresh consideration, contract modifications may not be legally enforceable. However, in commercial contexts, courts may uphold modifications where one party obtains a practical benefit from the change, even if no new consideration is formally provided.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"9eb4f72322\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175310\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"What is Consideration in Contract Law in the UK?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you are a small business owner who frequently deals with contracts, you may come across the term &#8216;consideration&#8217;. Consideration is one aspect of forming a legally binding contract, and its absence can mean you do not have a valid contract. Without a valid contract, you will not have legal rights enforceable in court. This<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What is Consideration in Contract Law in the UK?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13509,"featured_media":633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"175122,2521,1835,2212,2268,1006","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[20,21,174,355,984],"class_list":["post-175310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-contracts","tag-small-business","tag-medium-business","tag-commercial-contracts","tag-contracts","tag-consideration"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is Consideration in Contract Law? 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| LegalVision UK"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Commercial Contract Articles","item":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/category\/commercial-contracts\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"What is Consideration in Contract Law in the UK?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/","name":"LegalVision UK","description":"LegalVision is a commercial law firm in the UK with a commitment to innovation","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/#\/schema\/person\/6539c1915c9066c53478c60ab4ec357b","name":"Humna Ahmad","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/cropped-Humna-4574-scaled-1-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/cropped-Humna-4574-scaled-1-96x96.jpg","caption":"Humna Ahmad"},"url":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/author\/humnaahmad\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/#faq-question-1736515365408","name":"Will the law always protect my promises and agreements?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Not always. Sometimes, you need to meet specific formality requirements when forming a contract, and there are further requirements for different types of agreements. For example, you usually need a formal deed document to transfer a land right.","inLanguage":"en-GB"},"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/#faq-question-1736515373475","name":"Are there specific types of contracts that must be in writing?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes, some contracts must be in writing to be valid, such as those transferring rights in land or shares. These types of contracts often have specific formal requirements that must be met.","inLanguage":"en-GB"},"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/#faq-question-1774838580656","name":"Can performing an existing duty count as valid consideration?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Generally, no. Courts established in Stilk v Myrick [1809] that performing an existing duty does not constitute valid consideration. However, courts have shown flexibility in commercial contexts where a practical benefit is obtained, as demonstrated in Williams v Roffey Bros [1991].","inLanguage":"en-GB"},"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/commercial-contracts\/consideration-contracts\/#faq-question-1774838590210","name":"What happens if you modify a contract without fresh consideration?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Without fresh consideration, contract modifications may not be legally enforceable. However, in commercial contexts, courts may uphold modifications where one party obtains a practical benefit from the change, even if no new consideration is formally provided.","inLanguage":"en-GB"},"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/13509"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=175310"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":196636,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175310\/revisions\/196636"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=175310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=175310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=175310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}