{"id":174667,"date":"2022-08-17T07:13:56","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T06:13:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?p=174667"},"modified":"2025-09-24T06:53:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T05:53:44","slug":"shareholder-vote","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/","title":{"rendered":"How Do Shareholders Vote on Company Matters in England?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shareholders exercise their decision-making power in a company when matters are put to a shareholder vote. The most significant decisions related to the company\u2019s management are reserved for shareholders alone. Therefore, shareholder voting is one of the most important aspects of company law. There are three ways shareholders can vote:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a show of hands;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a poll vote; and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a written resolution.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Each is limited for certain situations, and in some cases, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/company-constitution\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">company\u2019s constitution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> may forbid certain kinds of voting. This article will provide further information on how shareholders can exercise their right to vote.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Annual General Meetings<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While there is no legal obligation to do so, many private companies elect to have an annual general meeting (AGM). As the name suggests, this is a meeting held once a year and all shareholders are invited to attend. The company\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/articles-of-association\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">articles of association<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> usually prescribe the date and time your company must hold an <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1Q490lwR7CaQjGj7iCYOaxjCAtHKXy1CEbX2veT-mZok\/edit?usp=sharing\">AGM<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The AGM is where important company matters are put to the shareholders by the directors (or, in some cases, other shareholders) in the form of resolutions. Shareholders with voting rights either vote to support or reject the resolutions.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">General Meetings<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All shareholder meetings that are not an AGM are general meetings. Some companies refer to these as extraordinary general meetings. In addition, directors or shareholders can call a general meeting, depending on the circumstances.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Directors&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Directors run the company on a daily basis and have the power to convene a general meeting. To do so, directors must convene a board meeting and vote to pass a resolution calling for a meeting. Alternatively, directors may sign a written resolution, which does not require them to physically convene.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shareholders<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If one or more shareholder owns at least 5% of the voting shares in a company, they can also convene a shareholder meeting. They do this by petitioning the directors to pass a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/board-resolution\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">board resolution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> calling for the general meeting, which the directors are obligated to do within 21 days upon request.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In practice, most private companies rarely convene general meetings by shareholder request because directors and shareholders are frequently the same individuals. Therefore, from a procedural standpoint, it makes more sense for the directors to convene the meeting.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In all cases, the directors must give the shareholders at least 14 days from the date the directors pass the board resolution authorising the convention and the date the meeting is held. In some cases, shareholders can waive the notice period.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"not-prose\">0808 196 8584<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left gform_input_bg_white    \">\n    <script>\nvar 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A quorum is the minimum number of shareholders necessary for an AGM or general meeting to have legal effect.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a meeting, shareholders can vote on any scheduled matters. The law gives shareholders two ways of voting at a meeting:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by a show of hands; or\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">through a poll vote.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Show of Hands&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A show of hands gives each shareholder in attendance one vote. For example, if there are ten shareholders in your company and seven present at the meeting, there are seven available votes. If the matter is an ordinary resolution, then at least four shareholders must vote in favour. However, if the matter requires a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/ordinary-vs-special-resolution\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">special resolution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, at least six must vote in favour.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Poll Vote&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most companies choose to vote via a show of hands in the first instance because it is the easiest way to carry on business. However, shareholders with larger shares in the company are disadvantaged by show of hands. In such cases, the shareholders may vote on the matter through a poll vote, where each shareholder\u2019s vote is determined by their share of voting rights in the company.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For a company using the model articles of association, under certain circumstances, a poll vote can be demanded by:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the chairperson;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the directors;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">any two shareholders; or\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">any single shareholder holding at least 10% of the shares.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your company\u2019s articles can be further amended to specify additional conditions. However, your articles cannot excessively restrict the right of shareholders to call a poll vote by requiring, for example, more than five shareholders to call a poll vote. Likewise, anyone holding 10% or more shares in the company will always be able to call a vote.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voting in Advance<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The company\u2019s articles may permit shareholders to cast their vote in advance of the AGM or general meeting.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voting by Proxy&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In some cases, a shareholder may appoint another person to vote on their behalf.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Written Resolutions&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Written resolutions offer an alternative way for shareholders to vote on company matters. With two exceptions, you can pass any matter via written resolution rather than convening a general meeting or waiting for the AGM (where an AGM is prescribed). The exceptions are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/appoint-remove-director\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">removing a director<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">; or<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">removing the company\u2019s auditors.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <h3 data-start=\"211\" data-end=\"267\">Key Statistics on Shareholder Voting in UK Companies<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"1409\">\n<li data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"1030\">\n<p data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"1030\"><strong data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"654\">41% Voter Turnout<\/strong>: In January 2025, 41% of Hargreaves Lansdown customers holding the Herald investment trust cast their votes, setting a new record for shareholder participation in UK investment trusts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1409\">\n<p data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1409\"><strong data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1049\">80% Decline<\/strong>: From 2023 to 2024, shareholder rebellions against executive pay in the UK dropped by 80%, with only five companies facing significant investor objections during the peak AGM period.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1428\"><strong data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1428\">Sources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1430\" data-end=\"1947\">\n<li data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1779\">\n<p data-start=\"1602\" data-end=\"1779\">Financial Times, &#8220;Record number of Hargreaves Lansdown customers vote in trust battle,&#8221; 24 January 2025.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1781\" data-end=\"1947\">\n<p data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1947\">The Times, &#8220;Shareholders ease pressure on bosses\u2019 pay,&#8221; 27 May 2024.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key Takeaways&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shareholders vote on the most important decisions facing a company. These decisions are put to the shareholders in the form of a resolution. In most cases, directors decide to put the matter to a shareholders&#8217; vote by calling a general meeting (or waiting for the annual general meeting). In some cases, shareholders can propose resolutions.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Depending on the matter at hand, shareholders may need to pass it by a simple majority (for ordinary resolutions) or by 75% or more (for special resolutions). Shareholders can vote by a show of hands, where each shareholder gets one vote. Alternatively, shareholders can vote via a poll, which gives each shareholder as many votes as they have voting shares. Finally, as an alternative to calling a meeting, directors or shareholders can circulate written resolutions.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you need help with your business, our experienced <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporate-lawyers-lp\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">corporate lawyers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Visit our<\/span>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">membership page<\/span><\/a> or call us today on <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1660716471604\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Where do shareholders vote?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Shareholders can vote either at the general meeting, annual general meeting, or via written resolution.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1660716485038\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>When do shareholders vote?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">If a company prescribes an annual general meeting, then if any matters require shareholder approval, shareholders may vote on it at the AGM. Alternatively, directors or shareholders may call a general meeting at any point, given sufficient notice. Finally, your company might circulate a written resolution in lieu of a meeting.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shareholders exercise their decision-making power in a company when matters are put to a shareholder vote. The most significant decisions related to the company\u2019s management are reserved for shareholders alone. Therefore, shareholder voting is one of the most important aspects of company law. There are three ways shareholders can vote: Each is limited for certain<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;How Do Shareholders Vote on Company Matters in England?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13461,"featured_media":3111,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"172088,794,173841,173206,881,1004","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[21,223,341,842,843,953],"class_list":["post-174667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporations","tag-medium-business","tag-large-business","tag-shareholder-rights","tag-general-meeting","tag-voting-rights","tag-agm"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Do Shareholders Vote on Company Matters? | LegalVision UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shareholders vote on the most important decisions facing a company. 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This article outlines three ways a shareholder can vote in England.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/#breadcrumb"},"mainEntity":[{"@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/#faq-question-1660716471604"},{"@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/#faq-question-1660716485038"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/24121513\/business-image-052251.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/img.legalvision.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/05\/24121513\/business-image-052251.jpg","width":834,"height":556,"caption":"Memorandum of Understanding in Joint Ventures | LegalVision UK"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Corporate Articles","item":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/category\/corporations\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"How Do Shareholders Vote on Company Matters in England?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/","name":"LegalVision UK","description":"LegalVision is a commercial law firm in the UK with a commitment to innovation","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/#\/schema\/person\/5a59ade89273f68f939c7cb8cc66e6f1","name":"Kieran Ram","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/04\/Kieran-2349-scaled-e1714435159620-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/04\/Kieran-2349-scaled-e1714435159620-96x96.jpg","caption":"Kieran Ram"},"description":"Kieran is a Trainee Solicitor in LegalVision\u2019s Corporate and Commercial team. He has completed a Law Degree, the Legal Practice Course and a Masters in Sports Law, specialising in Football Law.","url":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/author\/kieranram\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/#faq-question-1660716471604","name":"Where do shareholders vote?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Shareholders can vote either at the general meeting, annual general meeting, or via written resolution.","inLanguage":"en-GB"},"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-vote\/#faq-question-1660716485038","name":"When do shareholders vote?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If a company prescribes an annual general meeting, then if any matters require shareholder approval, shareholders may vote on it at the AGM. Alternatively, directors or shareholders may call a general meeting at any point, given sufficient notice. Finally, your company might circulate a written resolution in lieu of a meeting.","inLanguage":"en-GB"},"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/13461"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=174667"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":194704,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174667\/revisions\/194704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/3111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=174667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=174667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=174667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}