{"id":172762,"date":"2022-07-26T00:20:37","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T23:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/?p=172762"},"modified":"2025-07-02T00:41:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T23:41:09","slug":"shareholder-agreement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-agreement\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Shareholder Agreement?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a shareholder, you may be familiar with the general rights that you have in a company. However, you may be in a situation where other shareholders have asked you to sign a shareholders\u2019 agreement. Put simply, a shareholders\u2019 agreement is an additional contract between you and other shareholders of a company. It contains additional terms<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that are not otherwise binding under company law, such as the permanent right to be one of the company\u2019s directors. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article will explain the general purpose of a shareholders\u2019 agreement and consider some common terms in shareholder agreements.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your (Limited) Rights as a Shareholder&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you become a subscriber to a company upon its incorporation (i.e. you are a <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/founder-director-shareholder\/\">founding shareholder<\/a>), you enter into a special kind of contract. Under this contract, you owe certain limited obligations to:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the other shareholders of the company; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the company itself.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In turn, these shareholders and the company owe you certain obligations.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These reciprocal obligations are usually set out in your company\u2019s articles of association. However, since these obligations are limited by a special kind of contract that company law controls, you and the other shareholders are limited in how you can alter your obligations.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An Example<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suppose you want a permanent right to serve as a company director and be a shareholder. When the company is incorporated, you and the other shareholders agree to this and insert a term in your company\u2019s articles of associations to this effect.&nbsp;Later, there is a disagreement between you and the other shareholders and they exercise their rights to remove you as a director. You may argue this is unlawful because there is an express term in the company\u2019s articles preventing exactly this. However, company law holds that the special contract that exists between you and the other shareholders only extends to each of you in your capacity as a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">shareholder.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"box box--icon box--info\">\n    <p>In other words, you cannot enforce rights unrelated to being a shareholder against the company itself. As a result, the shareholders can effectively remove you as a director.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Expanding Your Rights Using a Shareholder Agreement<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A way you can expand your limited rights as a shareholder is through a shareholders\u2019 agreement. You can think of a shareholders&#8217; agreement as an additional contract between you and the other shareholders in a company in your personal capacities. In other words, you simply owe obligations to your other shareholders. However, this agreement does not extend to the company itself.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some terms you may find in a shareholders\u2019 agreement include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the requirement for all shareholders to consent to certain processes, such as issuing new shares or changing the business\u2019 name;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">restrictions on shareholders\u2019 ability to change the company\u2019s articles;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">restrictions on how much the company can borrow without the shareholders\u2019 consent;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">how you will share profits through dividend payments;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the method of resolving disputes should they arise; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">agreements not to compete with the company you have shares in.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An Example<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let us return to our previous example, but suppose you had a shareholder agreement in place this time. One of the terms says that you have a permanent right to be a director.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With this shareholders\u2019 agreement, the other shareholders can still exercise their rights as shareholders to remove you as a director because company law will not restrict this right. You would still have no claim against the company or the other shareholders as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">shareholders. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, you could sue the shareholders in their personal capacity in this case. This would not allow you to become director again, but you may be entitled to recover damages for the breach of the agreement.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<a href=\"#content-next\"\n   class=\"block p-4 mt-10 text-xl font-bold text-center text-white no-underline bg-gray-800 rounded-t-xl\">\n    Continue reading this article below the form\n    <i class=\"text-xl fa-regular fa-arrow-down\"><\/i>\n<\/a>\n<div class=\"px-6 pt-10 pb-12 mb-10 text-center bg-gray-100 rounded-b-xl sm:px-12 test\">\n    <div class=\"mb-8 text-2xl font-bold text-orange\">\n        Need legal advice?\n        <br>\n        <span class=\"text-lg not-prose\">\n                            Call <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"not-prose\">0808 196 8584<\/a> for urgent assistance.\n                <br>\n                Otherwise, complete this form, and we will contact you within one business day.\n                    <\/span>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n\n<div class=\"not-prose flex justify-center text-left 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While a shareholders\u2019 agreement does not create a cause of action against the company itself, it can encourage shareholders to stick to their promises because they can be held personally liable. Hence, you should keep in mind the following considerations when dealing with a shareholder agreement.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1. A Shareholder Agreement is Not a Public Document<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your company\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/articles-of-association\/\">articles of association<\/a> are public documents that anyone can inspect by visiting <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/companies-house\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Companies House<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. On the other hand, shareholder agreements are not public documents. Consequently, there is no obligation to disclose them to any public member, even if they request them.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The practical effect is that you could create provisions that would be enforceable without making these provisions known to the public.&nbsp; A common example is not specifying the rights attached to different classes of shares in your company\u2019s articles. Instead, your shareholder agreements can have a provision that achieves the same effect.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2. Shareholders Not Party to the Shareholder Agreement<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You should be aware that it is possible to be a company shareholder and not a party to the shareholders\u2019 agreement. This is commonly an issue when a founding shareholder later sells their shares to a third party, and there is no legitimate reason why this person cannot become a shareholder. This person would not be under an obligation to sign the shareholders\u2019 agreement.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3. Parties to the Agreement That Are Not Shareholders<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The law does not prevent a third party from being a party to the shareholders\u2019 agreement, even though they are not actual shareholders. However, in practice, there are few circumstances where this would benefit the third party.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Key Takeaways&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Company law governs the rights shareholders have as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">shareholders <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in the company. If you try and create certain rights that are not connected to your rights as a shareholder, the law will not give them any effect. This can create problems if you want to restrict how other shareholders vote or act. Nevertheless, you can get around this by creating an additional contract called a shareholders\u2019 agreement. This will bind each shareholder to certain terms in their personal capacity. You can sue them for damages if they breach a term in the agreement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you need help drafting a shareholders&#8217; agreement, our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporate-lawyers-lp\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">experienced corporate lawyers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. You will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents for a low monthly fee. Call us today at <a href=\"tel:+448081968584\" class=\"AVANSERnumber dynamic-number\">0808 196 8584<\/a> or visit our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/membership\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">membership page<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1658789731061\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What is a shareholders\u2019 agreement?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">A shareholders\u2019 agreement is a contract between you and the other shareholders of a company. It can include terms that are not otherwise enforceable under company law, like the permanent right to be one of the company directors.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1658789755257\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Why should I sign a shareholders\u2019 agreement?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">You should always seek advice before entering into a contract that you may not fully understand. In saying that, a shareholders\u2019 agreement can create terms that will benefit you but might not be otherwise enforceable under company law.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"not-prose m-feedback-prompt\">\n    <!-- Thumbs up\/down bar -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__main\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__title\">Was this article helpful?<\/div>\n        <div>\n            <!--span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button--text\">Thanks!<\/span-->\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--yes\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:yes\" aria-label=\"Agree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-up fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n            <button type=\"button\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__button m-feedback-prompt__button--no\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:no\" aria-label=\"Disagree\">\n                <i class=\"fa-regular fa-thumbs-down fa-3x\"><\/i>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Feedback form -->\n    <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form\">\n        <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--thanks \">\n            <div>Thanks!<\/div>\n            <p>\n                We appreciate your feedback \u2013 your submission has been successfully received.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <form id=\"contact-form\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--form\" action=\"\" method=\"post\">\n            <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"authenticity_token\" name=\"authenticity_token\" value=\"9eb4f72322\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172762\" \/>            <input value=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-agreement\/\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenturl\"\n                   id=\"currenturl\">\n            <input value=\"What is a Shareholder Agreement?\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"currenttitle\"\n                   id=\"currenttitle\">\n            <label>\n                <!-- display on thumbs-up -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--yes\">\n                    Can you tell us <span class=\"font-semibold\">why<\/span> you found it helpful?\n                <\/span>\n\n                <!-- display on thumbs-down -->\n                <span class=\"m-feedback-prompt__feedback m-feedback-prompt__feedback--no text-lg\">\n                    How can we better improve this article?\n                <\/span>\n                <textarea name=\"feedbackmessage\" id=\"feedbackmessage\" required><\/textarea>\n            <\/label>\n\n            <div class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--error\" id=\"form-submit-error\"><\/div>\n            <button id=\"submit-contact-form-button\" type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" class=\"m-feedback-prompt__form--submit\"\n                    data-analytics-link=\"feedback-prompt:submit\">\n                Submit            <\/button>\n        <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As a shareholder, you may be familiar with the general rights that you have in a company. However, you may be in a situation where other shareholders have asked you to sign a shareholders\u2019 agreement. Put simply, a shareholders\u2019 agreement is an additional contract between you and other shareholders of a company. It contains additional<a href=\"https:\/\/legalvision.co.uk\/corporations\/shareholder-agreement\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"sr-only\">&#8220;What is a Shareholder Agreement?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13461,"featured_media":3188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"2491,171811,172159,3269,1713,1621","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[21,114,165,341],"class_list":["post-172762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-corporations","tag-medium-business","tag-dividend","tag-shareholders-agreement","tag-shareholder-rights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a Shareholder Agreement? 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